there is one way you can get a "on" score which is when you are on a par 4 hole and you finish it in 4 this is called a par if you get a par on every hole on the course it is often called breaking even
There are three lower scores (albatross, eagle, and birdie) This is your score on a hole if you get less than par Albatross is 3 less than par (getting a hole in one on a par 4) Eagle is getting 2 less than par (2 on a par 4) and a birdie is one less than par
when you get higher than par it is often called a bogey, double bogey, and triple bogey one over par is bogey and so on
The start of each hole where you take your first swing. Also called the Teeing Area or Teeing Ground. These areas are comonly sorted by color black or white are commonly the farthest from the hole with green often being the closest
A number that represents a golfer's ability and is used to compare their performance with other golfers. it is usually ranked in numbers the lower the number the better you are.